Theory
The likelihood of a reaction occurring can be determined using the activation energy. Regioselectivity can be
determined by calculating the activation energy for the rate limiting step of the reaction at each possible site of reaction in
the molecule. The ratio of each regioisomer is then found by inputting these activation energies into the Arrhenius
equation. A large difference in activation energy between sites corresponds to a large proportion of the
isomer with the lowest Ea and small amounts of product with substitution at higher Ea sites. A smaller difference in activation energies
between sites leads to a mixture of regioisomers.
Currently activation energies are calculated at an AM1 level of theory. In future this will be updated to use HF/6-31G*
derived energies which have been tested to more accurately reflect experimentally observed regioselectivity.